1.新建代码库

1.1在当前目录新建一个 Git 代码库

$ git init
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1.2新建一个目录,将其初始化为 Git 代码库

$ git init [project-name]
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1.3下载一个项目和它的整个代码历史

$ git clone [url]
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2.配置

Git 的设置文件为.gitconfig,它可以在用户主目录下(全局配置),也可以在项目目录下(项目配置)。

2.1设置提交代码时的用户信息

$ git config [--global] user.name "[name]" $ git config [--global] user.email "[email address]"
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2.2编辑 Git 配置文件

$ vim ~/.gitconfig
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2.3显示当前的 Git 配置

$ git config --list
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2.4显示当前的 Git 配置

$ cat ~/.gitconfig
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3.增加/删除文件

3.1添加指定文件到暂存区

$ git add [file1] [file2] ...
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3.2添加指定目录到暂存区,包括子目录

$ git add [dir]
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3.3添加当前目录的所有文件到暂存区

$ git add .

3.4删除工作区文件,并且将这次删除放入暂存区

$ git rm 1.txt 2.txt error: the following files have changes staged in the index: 1.txt 2.txt (use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)

3.4.1直接删除文件

$ git rm -fr 1.txt

3.4.2停止追踪指定文件,但该文件会保留在工作区

$ git rm --cached [file] $ git rm --cached 1.txt 2.txt rm '1.txt' rm '2.txt'

3.5改名文件,并且将这个改名放入暂存区

$ git mv [file-original] [file-renamed]
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4.代码提交

4.1提交暂存区到仓库区

$ git commit -m [message]
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4.2提交暂存区的指定文件到仓库区

$ git commit [file1] [file2] ... -m [message]
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4.3提交工作区自上次 commit 之后的变化,直接到仓库区

$ git commit -a

4.4提交时显示所有 diff 信息

$ git commit -v
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4.5使用一次新的 commit,替代上一次提交如果代码没有任何新变化,则用来改写上一次 commit 的提交信息

$ git commit --amend -m [message]

5.分支

5.1列出所有本地分支

$ git branch
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表示当前分支

5.2列出所有远程分支

$ git branch -r
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5.3列出所有本地分支和远程分支

$ git branch -a
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5.4新建一个分支,但依然停留在当前分支

$ git branch [branch-name]
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5.5新建一个分支,并切换到该分支

$ git checkout -b [branch]
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5.6新建一个分支,指向指定 commit

5.6.1查看提交的日志

$ git log
commit 2cb44e585aab4d1b2370a3e42dc6d4070fe217dc (HEAD -> DevOps_RC, origin/master, master, DevOps_Release, DevOps_Dev) Author: zhangsan <zhangsan@263.com> Date: Sat Jul 10 11:03:12 2021 +0800 修改了ReadMe.md文件,添加了一行说明 commit 89d1d5b198a77deb9096e11b02aec7187221f384 Author: zhangsan <zhangsan@263.com> Date: Sat Jul 10 10:59:09 2021 +0800 :...skipping... commit 2cb44e585aab4d1b2370a3e42dc6d4070fe217dc (HEAD -> DevOps_RC, origin/master, master, DevOps_Release, DevOps_Dev) Author: zhangsan <zhangsan@263.com> Date: Sat Jul 10 11:03:12 2021 +0800 修改了ReadMe.md文件,添加了一行说明 commit 89d1d5b198a77deb9096e11b02aec7187221f384 Author: zhangsan <zhangsan@263.com> Date: Sat Jul 10 10:59:09 2021 +0800 添加User文件夹 commit b54962a30b090f02a39fc3c6185750cf07b068ea Author: zhangsan <zhangsan@263.com> Date: Sat Jul 10 10:58:30 2021 +0800 添加忽略文件 commit e76012d77857841d344ac04893a158e75e8088fc Author: zhangsan <zhangsan@263.com> Date: Sat Jul 10 10:56:46 2021 +0800 添加Readme.md文件

5.6.2新建一个分支,指向指定 commit ID

$ git branch [branch] [commit] $ git branch DevOps_V0.3FixBug 89d1d5b198a77deb9096e11b02aec7187221f384
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5.7新建一个分支,与指定的本地分支建立追踪关系

$ git branch --track [branch1] [branch2] $ git branch --track DevOps_RC1 DevOps_RC
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5.7.1DevOps_RC,增加一次提交

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5.7.2DevOps_RC,再增加一次提交

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5.8切换到指定分支,并更新工作区

5.8.1切换到建立追踪的分支DevOps_RC1

$ git checkout [branch-name] $ git checkout DevOps_RC1
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5.8.2从建立追踪的分支拉取最新的变化

$ git pull
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5.9新建一个分支,与指定的远程分支建立追踪关系

5.9.1将本地的所有分支及信息全部推送到远程仓库

$ git push -u origin *:*
说明:origin,查看是否配置origin;默认克隆时,自动建立;
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5.9.2查看origin信息

$ git remote -v origin http://192.168.145.88/devops/devops.git (fetch) origin http://192.168.145.88/devops/devops.git (push)

5.9.3新建一个分支,与指定的远程分支建立追踪关系

$ git branch --track [branch] [remote branch] $ git branch --track DevOps_RC2 remotes/origin/DevOps_RC1
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5.9.4切换到建立追踪关系的新分支DevOps_RC2

$ git checkout DevOps_RC2 Switched to branch 'DevOps_RC2' Your branch is behind 'origin/DevOps_RC1' by 1 commit, and can be fast-forwarded. (use "git pull" to update your local branch)

5.9.5使用 git pull 更新本地分支(会拉取建立追踪关系的分支代码)

$ git pull warning: ----------------- SECURITY WARNING ---------------- warning: | TLS certificate verification has been disabled! | warning: --------------------------------------------------- warning: HTTPS connections may not be secure. See https://aka.ms/gcmcore-tlsverify for more information. warning: ----------------- SECURITY WARNING ---------------- warning: | TLS certificate verification has been disabled! | warning: --------------------------------------------------- warning: HTTPS connections may not be secure. See https://aka.ms/gcmcore-tlsverify for more information. Updating f7ed8ad..c11bb1a Fast-forward Readme.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

5.10合并指定分支到当前分支

$ git merge [branch] $ git merge DevOps_V0.3FixBug
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提示文件存在冲突,冲突解决后再提交

5.10.1解决合并产生的冲突

按照冲突提示,修改冲突文件 Readme.md
$ vim Readme.md
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5.10.2编辑修改解决冲突

5.10.2.1冲突提示

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5.10.2.2冲突解决

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5.10.2.3查看当前状态

$ git status On branch DevOps_RC1 Your branch is up to date with 'origin/DevOps_RC1'. You have unmerged paths.#有未合并的分支 (fix conflicts and run "git commit")#修复冲突并且运行git commit (use "git merge --abort" to abort the merge) #使用 git merge --abort终止合并 Unmerged paths:#未合并的分支 (use "git add <file>..." to mark resolution) both modified: Readme.md no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
此处我的处理措施是,把合并结果加入当前分支
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5.11选择一个 commit,合并进当前分支

$ git cherry-pick [commit]

5.11.1选择别的分支(DevOps_RC1)的一个commit

$ git log
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5.11.2切换到另一个项目合并一个提交至此分支的分支

5.11.2.1切换分支(DevOps_Dev)

$ git checkout DevOps_Dev Switched to branch 'DevOps_Dev' Your branch is up to date with 'origin/DevOps_Dev'.

5.11.2.2将选定的commit,合并进当前分支

$ git cherry-pick 900d39d30f2487897c1fc09f71c4bd41e1c0cf7a
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5.11.2.3查看当前状态

$ git status
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5.11.2.4解决冲突

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5.12删除分支

$ git branch -d [branch-name]
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5.13删除远程分支

5.13.1查看当前分支的详细信息

$ git branch -av
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5.13.2删除远程分支

$ git push origin --delete DevOps_RC2
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可以看到远程的此分支已经删除了
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可以看到远程的此分支已经删除了
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5.13.3 删除远程分支

$ git branch -dr remotes/origin/DevOps_RC1
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$ git branch -av
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6.标签

6.1列出所有 tag

$ git tag
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$ git tag -l
DevOps_Dev_V1.0
Dev_V1.0
V0.3FixBug
$ git tag --list
DevOps_Dev_V1.0
Dev_V1.0
V0.3FixBug

6.2新建一个 tag 在当前 commit

$ git tag [tag]$ git tag V0.3FixBug

6.3新建一个 tag 在指定 commit

$ git tag [tag] [commit] -m [message]$ git tag Dev_V1.0 89d1d5b198a77deb9096e11b02aec7187221f384 -m "初始开发基线"

6.4新建一个tag在当前commit,提交信息为:文件内容

$ git tag DevOps_Dev_V1.0 -F ReleaseNotes.md

6.5查看 tag 信息

$ git show [tag] $ git show DevOps_Dev_V1.0
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6.6提交指定 tag到远程仓库

$ git push [remote] [tag]
$ git push origin V0.3FixBug
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6.7提交所有 tag

$ git push [remote] --tags
$ git push origin --tags
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6.8基于某个tag创建分支并切换至该分支

$ git checkout -b [branch] [tag]
$ git checkout -b DevOps_RC3 V0.3FixBug
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7.查看信息

7.1显示有变更的文件

$ git status
On branch DevOps_Dev Your branch is up to date with 'origin/DevOps_Dev'. You are currently cherry-picking commit 900d39d. (fix conflicts and run "git cherry-pick --continue") (use "git cherry-pick --skip" to skip this patch) (use "git cherry-pick --abort" to cancel the cherry-pick operation) Unmerged paths: (use "git add/rm <file>..." as appropriate to mark resolution) deleted by us: 3.txt no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")

7.2显示当前分支的版本历史

$ git log
commit 2cb44e585aab4d1b2370a3e42dc6d4070fe217dc (HEAD -> DevOps_Dev, origin/master, origin/DevOps_Release, origin/DevOps_Dev, master, DevOps_Release) Author: zhangsan <zhangsan@263.com> Date: Sat Jul 10 11:03:12 2021 +0800 修改了ReadMe.md文件,添加了一行说明 commit 89d1d5b198a77deb9096e11b02aec7187221f384 (origin/DevOps_V0.3FixBug) Author: zhangsan <zhangsan@263.com> Date: Sat Jul 10 10:59:09 2021 +0800 添加User文件夹 commit b54962a30b090f02a39fc3c6185750cf07b068ea Author: zhangsan <zhangsan@263.com> Date: Sat Jul 10 10:58:30 2021 +0800 添加忽略文件 commit e76012d77857841d344ac04893a158e75e8088fc Author: zhangsan <zhangsan@263.com> Date: Sat Jul 10 10:56:46 2021 +0800 添加Readme.md文件

7.3显示 commit 历史,以及每次 commit 发生变更的文件

$ git log --stat
commit 1c6e4116363e0dce9a931eeaad1d1dcd470bb673 (HEAD -> DevOps_RC3, tag: V0.3FixBug, origin/DevOps_V0.3FixBug, DevOps_V0.3FixBug) Author: zhangsan <zhangsan@263.com> Date: Sat Jul 10 14:07:01 2021 +0800 修复了V0.3FixBug Readme.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) commit 89d1d5b198a77deb9096e11b02aec7187221f384 (tag: Dev_V1.0) Author: zhangsan <zhangsan@263.com> Date: Sat Jul 10 10:59:09 2021 +0800 添加User文件夹 Users/Naura.Framework.Service.Users/Encryption.cs | 100 ++ Users/Naura.Framework.Service.Users/Group.cs | 215 ++++ Users/Naura.Framework.Service.Users/IUser.cs | 86 ++ .../IUserClientService.cs | 152 +++ .../Naura.Framework.Service.Users.csproj | 97 ++ .../Properties/AssemblyInfo.cs | 36 + Users/Naura.Framework.Service.Users/User.cs | 266 +++++ Users/Naura.Framework.Service.Users/UserClient.cs | 16 + .../UserClientService.cs | 901 +++++++++++++++ .../Naura.Framework.Service.Users/UserContract.cs | 207 ++++ Users/Naura.Framework.Service.Users/UserServer.cs | 1171 ++++++++++++++++++++ .../DesignTimeResolveAssemblyReferencesInput.cache | Bin 0 -> 6960 bytes ...ework.Service.Users.csproj.FileListAbsolute.txt | 6 + ...vice.Users.csprojResolveAssemblyReference.cache | Bin 0 -> 22983 bytes .../obj/Debug/Naura.Framework.Service.Users.dll | Bin 0 -> 38912 bytes commit 1c6e4116363e0dce9a931eeaad1d1dcd470bb673 (HEAD -> DevOps_RC3, tag: V0.3FixBug, origin/DevOps_V0.3FixBug, DevOps_V0.3FixBug) Author: zhangsan <zhangsan@263.com> Date: Sat Jul 10 14:07:01 2021 +0800 修复了V0.3FixBug Readme.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) commit 89d1d5b198a77deb9096e11b02aec7187221f384 (tag: Dev_V1.0) Author: zhangsan <zhangsan@263.com> Date: Sat Jul 10 10:59:09 2021 +0800 添加User文件夹 Users/Naura.Framework.Service.Users/Encryption.cs | 100 ++ Users/Naura.Framework.Service.Users/Group.cs | 215 ++++ Users/Naura.Framework.Service.Users/IUser.cs | 86 ++ .../IUserClientService.cs | 152 +++ .../Naura.Framework.Service.Users.csproj | 97 ++ .../Properties/AssemblyInfo.cs | 36 + Users/Naura.Framework.Service.Users/User.cs | 266 +++++ Users/Naura.Framework.Service.Users/UserClient.cs | 16 + .../UserClientService.cs | 901 +++++++++++++++ .../Naura.Framework.Service.Users/UserContract.cs | 207 ++++ Users/Naura.Framework.Service.Users/UserServer.cs | 1171 ++++++++++++++++++++ .../DesignTimeResolveAssemblyReferencesInput.cache | Bin 0 -> 6960 bytes ...ework.Service.Users.csproj.FileListAbsolute.txt | 6 + ...vice.Users.csprojResolveAssemblyReference.cache | Bin 0 -> 22983 bytes .../obj/Debug/Naura.Framework.Service.Users.dll | Bin 0 -> 38912 bytes .../obj/Debug/Naura.Framework.Service.Users.pdb | Bin 0 -> 77312 bytes ...tedFile_036C0B5B-1481-4323-8D20-8F5ADCB23D92.cs | 0 ...tedFile_5937a670-0e60-4077-877b-f7221da3dda1.cs | 0 ...tedFile_E7A71F73-0F8D-4B9B-B56E-8E70B10BC5D3.cs | 0 .../GroupTests.cs | 51 + .../Naura.Framework.Service.UsersTests.csproj | 99 ++ .../Properties/AssemblyInfo.cs | 36 + .../DesignTimeResolveAssemblyReferencesInput.cache | Bin 0 -> 6571 bytes ....Service.UsersTests.csproj.FileListAbsolute.txt | 17 + ...UsersTests.csprojResolveAssemblyReference.cache | Bin 0 -> 38740 bytes .../Debug/Naura.Framework.Service.UsersTests.dll | Bin 0 -> 5120 bytes .../Debug/Naura.Framework.Service.UsersTests.pdb | Bin 0 -> 11776 bytes ...tedFile_036C0B5B-1481-4323-8D20-8F5ADCB23D92.cs | 0 ...tedFile_5937a670-0e60-4077-877b-f7221da3dda1.cs | 0 ...tedFile_E7A71F73-0F8D-4B9B-B56E-8E70B10BC5D3.cs | 0 30 files changed, 3456 insertions(+) commit b54962a30b090f02a39fc3c6185750cf07b068ea Author: zhangsan <zhangsan@263.com> Date: Sat Jul 10 10:58:30 2021 +0800 添加忽略文件 .gitignore | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) commit e76012d77857841d344ac04893a158e75e8088fc Author: zhangsan <zhangsan@263.com> Date: Sat Jul 10 10:56:46 2021 +0800 添加Readme.md文件 Readme.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) (END)

7.4显示某个文件的版本历史,包括文件改名

$ git log --follow [file]
$ git log --follow Readme.md commit 1c6e4116363e0dce9a931eeaad1d1dcd470bb673 (HEAD -> DevOps_RC3, tag: V0.3FixBug, origin/DevOps_V0.3FixBug, DevOps_V0.3FixBug) Author: zhangsan <zhangsan@263.com> Date: Sat Jul 10 14:07:01 2021 +0800 修复了V0.3FixBug commit e76012d77857841d344ac04893a158e75e8088fc Author: zhangsan <zhangsan@263.com> Date: Sat Jul 10 10:56:46 2021 +0800 添加Readme.md文件
$ git whatchanged [file]
$ git whatchanged Readme.md commit 1c6e4116363e0dce9a931eeaad1d1dcd470bb673 (HEAD -> DevOps_RC3, tag: V0.3FixBug, origin/DevOps_V0.3FixBug, DevOps_V0.3FixBug) Author: zhangsan <zhangsan@263.com> Date: Sat Jul 10 14:07:01 2021 +0800 修复了V0.3FixBug :100644 100644 6c1b17d 82f1ecb M Readme.md commit e76012d77857841d344ac04893a158e75e8088fc Author: zhangsan <zhangsan@263.com> Date: Sat Jul 10 10:56:46 2021 +0800 添加Readme.md文件 :000000 100644 0000000 6c1b17d A Readme.md

7.5显示指定文件相关的每一次 diff

$ git log -p [file]
$ git log -p Readme.md
commit 1c6e4116363e0dce9a931eeaad1d1dcd470bb673 (HEAD -> DevOps_RC3, tag: V0.3FixBug, origin/DevOps_V0.3FixBug, DevOps_V0.3FixBug) Author: zhangsan <zhangsan@263.com> Date: Sat Jul 10 14:07:01 2021 +0800 修复了V0.3FixBug diff --git a/Readme.md b/Readme.md index 6c1b17d..82f1ecb 100644 --- a/Readme.md +++ b/Readme.md @@ -1 +1,2 @@ this is my first add +修改了V0.3FixBug的Bug commit e76012d77857841d344ac04893a158e75e8088fc Author: zhangsan <zhangsan@263.com> Date: Sat Jul 10 10:56:46 2021 +0800 添加Readme.md文件 diff --git a/Readme.md b/Readme.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6c1b17d --- /dev/null +++ b/Readme.md @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +this is my first add

7.6显示指定文件是什么人在什么时间修改过

$ git blame [file]
$ git blame Readme.md
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7.7显示暂存区和上一个 commit 的差异

$ git diff --cached []
$ git diff --cached 89d1d5b198a77deb9096e11b02aec7187221f384
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  • *不写commitID 默认是最新的commit ID **
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7.8显示工作区与当前分支最新 commit 之间的差异

$ git diff HEAD
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7.9显示两个分支之间的差异

$ git diff [first-branch]...[second-branch]$ git diff DevOps_RC3 DevOps_Dev
diff --git a/3.txt b/3.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..13137df --- /dev/null +++ b/3.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +我想测试一下cherry-pick [commit] diff --git a/Readme.md b/Readme.md index 561f60a..8b12de6 100644 --- a/Readme.md +++ b/Readme.md @@ -1,3 +1,2 @@ this is my first add -修改了V0.3FixBug的Bug diff --git a/3.txt b/3.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..13137df --- /dev/null +++ b/3.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +我想测试一下cherry-pick [commit] diff --git a/Readme.md b/Readme.md index 561f60a..8b12de6 100644 --- a/Readme.md +++ b/Readme.md @@ -1,3 +1,2 @@ this is my first add -修改了V0.3FixBug的Bug -测试一下git diff +this is my first commit -a diff --git a/ReleaseNotes.md b/ReleaseNotes.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1a4e89a --- /dev/null +++ b/ReleaseNotes.md @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +Version:(Dev_v1.0) + +Introduction: + welcome to use NCF package , using it , you can develop your personal control-application code quickly. + + more information http://www.devops.com + + this version is from V0.3FixBug + + +System Requirements: + - CPU: 2C + - OS: windows7 64位 + - Memory: 1G + - Hard-disk: 40G + - Others: +Runtime Environment + +V0.3FixBug + - 修改Demo程序bug + +Dev_v1.0 + - 建立DevOps平台项目 + - 建立DevOps项目 + - 需要.netframework4.6.1支持 + - 需要mysqlV5.1.5支持 (END)

7.10显示两次commit之间的差异

$ git diff 304db4dfdd ab794ed848
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7.11显示某次提交的元数据和内容变化

$ git show [commit]
$ git show ab794ed848f8cbe0f4b1be065555f5e0b1124d5d
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7.12显示某次提交发生变化的文件

$ git show --name-only [commit]
$ git show --name-only b54962a30
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7.13显示某次提交时,某个文件的内容

$ git show [commit]:[filename]
$ git show 304db4dfdd:Readme.md
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显示所有的提交

$ git reflog
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8.远程同步

8.1拉取远程仓库的所有变动

$ git fetch [remote]$ git fetch origin
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8.2显示所有远程仓库

$ git remote -v
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8.3显示某个远程仓库的信息

$ git remote show [remote]$ git remote show origin
warning: ----------------- SECURITY WARNING ---------------- warning: | TLS certificate verification has been disabled! | warning: --------------------------------------------------- warning: HTTPS connections may not be secure. See https://aka.ms/gcmcore-tlsverify for more information. warning: ----------------- SECURITY WARNING ---------------- warning: | TLS certificate verification has been disabled! | warning: --------------------------------------------------- warning: HTTPS connections may not be secure. See https://aka.ms/gcmcore-tlsverify for more information. * remote origin Fetch URL: http://192.168.145.89/devops/devops.git Push URL: http://192.168.145.89/devops/devops.git HEAD branch: master Remote branches: DevOps_Dev tracked DevOps_RC tracked DevOps_RC1 tracked DevOps_RC3 tracked DevOps_Release tracked DevOps_V0.3FixBug tracked master tracked Local branches configured for 'git pull': DevOps_Dev merges with remote DevOps_Dev DevOps_RC merges with remote DevOps_RC DevOps_RC1 merges with remote DevOps_RC1 DevOps_RC2 merges with remote DevOps_RC1 DevOps_Release merges with remote DevOps_Release DevOps_V0.3FixBug merges with remote DevOps_V0.3FixBug master merges with remote master Local refs configured for 'git push': DevOps_Dev pushes to DevOps_Dev (up to date) DevOps_RC pushes to DevOps_RC (up to date) DevOps_RC1 pushes to DevOps_RC1 (up to date) DevOps_RC3 pushes to DevOps_RC3 (fast-forwardable) DevOps_Release pushes to DevOps_Release (up to date) DevOps_V0.3FixBug pushes to DevOps_V0.3FixBug (up to date) master pushes to master (up to date)

8.4增加一个新的远程仓库,并命名

$ git remote add [shortname] [url]
$ git remote add DevOps_MaTest http://192.168.145.89/devops/devops_matest.git
$ git remote -v
DevOps_MaTest http://192.168.145.89/devops/devops_matest.git (fetch) DevOps_MaTest http://192.168.145.89/devops/devops_matest.git (push) origin http://192.168.145.89/devops/devops.git (fetch) origin http://192.168.145.89/devops/devops.git (push)

8.5取回远程仓库的变化,并与本地分支合并

$ git pull [remote] [branch]

8.6上传本地指定分支到远程仓库

$ git push [remote] [branch]

8.7强行推送当前分支到远程仓库,即使有冲突

$ git push [remote] --force

8.8推送所有分支到远程仓库

$ git push [remote] --all

9.撤销

9.1恢复暂存区的指定文件到工作区

$ git checkout [file]

9.2恢复某个 commit 的指定文件到工作区

$ git checkout [commit] [file]

9.3恢复上一个 commit 的所有文件到工作区

$ git checkout .

9.4重置暂存区的指定文件,与上一次 commit 保持一致,但工作区不变

$ git reset [file]

9.5重置暂存区与工作区,与上一次 commit 保持一致

$ git reset --hard

9.6重置当前分支的指针为指定 commit,同时重置暂存区,但工作区不变

$ git reset [commit]

9.7重置当前分支的 HEAD 为指定 commit,同时重置暂存区和工作区,与指定 commit 一致

$ git reset --hard [commit]

9.8重置当前 HEAD 为指定 commit,但保持暂存区和工作区不变

$ git reset --keep [commit]

9.9新建一个 commit,用来撤销指定 commit

9.10后者的所有变化都将被前者抵消,并且应用到当前分支

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